I. Translate the text in the written form
Text Human Rights Convention
The Human Rights Act 1998 came into force on Monday, 2 October 2000. The preamble to this Act says that it is «An Act to give further effect to the rights and freedoms guaranteed under the European Convention on Human Rights». The Act is known as the Human Rights Convention — or simply «the Convention». The Act has been welcomed by the overwhelming majority of judges, lawyers, and commentators as heralding a new era of human rights culture. It has already had the effect of con-centrating public attention upon human rights issues and of enlarging the scope of our «rights and freedoms»; and it is certainly of major constitutional importance. The origins of the Convention rights and freedoms are to be found in the dark days of the Second World War (1939-45).
Following the widespread atrocities and destruction caused by the war, the governments of Western Europe established the Council of Europe. Its first task was to draw up a set of universal human rights. These rights were called «universal» because they were intended to cross national frontiers — the boundaries of nationality and State citizenship. They would establish across Europe, and for all the citizens of Europe, a minimum standard of protection in various crucially important areas of their lives. In 1950 the Council agreed a statement of these rights, in the Convention.
The United Kingdom (UK) played a major role in conceiving and drafting this Convention, and in 1951 we signified our agreement to it. It came into force in international law in 1953, but the Convention itself was not formally incorporated into English law until the Human Rights Act 1998. Before the Act came into force, therefore, those who believed that a public authority had breached their Convention rights had to apply to the European Court of Human Rights (European Court) in Strasbourg to resolve the matter. That could be extremely expensive, and take years, but now Article 13 of the Convention provides that wherever it is claimed that rights and freedoms under the Convention have been violated, those who say they have suffered are entitled to an «effective remedy». This means that they must be allowed to raise the matter of their Convention rights before the UK courts. Under the Human Rights Act, these rights can be relied upon in any court or tribunal in England and Wales, and it is only if citizens can show that they have first exhausted the remedies of these «domestic courts» that they can take their cases to Strasbourg.
The Convention was a revolutionary document, containing a number of Articles. These are the statements of legal rights, known as «Convention rights». To the Articles have been added Protocols (later additions or improvements to Convention rights, rather similar in nature to the Amendments to the US Constitution). There are three fundamental characteristics of Convention rights: each right is inherent — it exists as a separate and essential part of what we believe it should mean to be a free human being; it is inalienable — it cannot be given or taken away; and it is universal — it is common to all. These rights are therefore thought to represent the basic freedoms and minimum standards that are to be expected for all citizens in a democratic society.
Taken as a whole, the Convention rights embrace a wide range of human and fundamental rights. They include rights protecting individual citizens from State oppression, rights concerning their standard of living and quality of life, rights of freedom from discrimination, rights to free movement throughout the European Union, and rights of equal pay for men and women. The Human Rights Act makes it unlawful for «public authorities» to act in a way that conflicts with Convention rights. The expression «public authorities» covers a wide range of public bodies including the courts, the police, local councils, government departments, and other government bodies. It also includes many private bodies which also have public functions, for example private schools. The Convention rights are extremely important, for they amount to a rich seam of freedoms and protections. They do not, however, provide us with an entirely new set of rights that have never existed before.
II. Give Russian equivalents to the following words and expressions
to come into force
to give further effect to the rights and freedoms
under the European Convention on Human Rights
to concentrate public attention upon human rights issues
to enlarge the scope of rights and freedoms
to be of major constitutional importance
widespread atrocities and destruction caused by the war
to draw up a set of universal human rights
to cross national frontiers
to establish a minimum standard of protection
to draft the Convention
to breach the Convention rights
to apply to the European Court of Human Rights
to resolve the matter
to be entitled to an «effective remedy»
to raise the matter of the Convention rights before the UK courts
to exhaust the remedies of the «domestic courts»
to take cases to Strasbourg
each right is inherent, inalienable and universal
to embrace a wide range of human and fundamental rights
to protect individual citizens from State oppression
standard of living
quality of life
rights of equal pay for men and women
to act in a way that conflicts with Convention rights
provide people with an entirely new set of rights
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Вариант 2. Human Rights Convention #1506421
Артикул: 1506421
- Предмет: Иностранный язык
- Уникальность: 60% (Антиплагиат.ВУЗ)
- Разместил(-а): 526 Анна в 2017 году
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970p.
1. Англо-русский и русско-английский словарь (с грамматическим приложением) / Сост. Васильев А.В. – М.: Издательство «Пресс», 2012. – 527 с.
2. Куценко Л. И. Английский язык: Учебное пособие для юридических учебных заведений / Л.И. Куценко, Г.И. Тимофеева. – М., 2009.
3. Контекстный словарь [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: http://context.reverso.net, дата обращения 21.03.2017.
2. Куценко Л. И. Английский язык: Учебное пособие для юридических учебных заведений / Л.И. Куценко, Г.И. Тимофеева. – М., 2009.
3. Контекстный словарь [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: http://context.reverso.net, дата обращения 21.03.2017.
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| Тема: | Вариант 2. Human Rights Convention |
| Артикул: | 1506421 |
| Дата написания: | 21.03.2017 |
| Тип работы: | Контрольная работа |
| Предмет: | Иностранный язык |
| Оригинальность: | Антиплагиат.ВУЗ — 60% |
| Количество страниц: | 10 |
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